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Tax-free bonds
As the PSUs prepare to issue tax-free bonds worth 48,000 crore over the next few months, this may be a good opportunity to lock in at high rates for the long term
  The market will soon be flooded with taxfree bonds. Even as the government has  allowed several PSUs to raise up to 48,000 crore during 2013-14 (see table),  the Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) is the first one to hit  the market. 
  The tax-free bond issues that had come out earlier this year in February and  March had failed miserably, with most companies failing to raise the mandated  amounts. At that time, bond yields were quite low, with the 10-year yield  quoting below 8%, so the investors didn't bite the bait. 
  Things are different this time round. The benchmark 10-year yield crossed 9%  recently, but closed lower. The companies with a AAA rating are allowed to  offer 55 basis points less than the reference government bond rates to retail  investors. Retail investors are defined as resident individuals, HUFs or NRIs,  who invest up to 10 lakh across all series of bonds in each tranche. This means  that an individual can invest in the next tranche or in an issue by another  company and still be in the retail category. If the benchmark rate is 9%, the  maximum yield offered will be 8.45% for retail investors and 8.2% for others.  However, these are maximum rates and issuers can offer a lower interest if they  wish. 
  
  Tax advantage 
  
  The biggest draw for the investor is that the interest earned from these  bonds is tax free. Assuming a tax-free coupon yield of 8.2%, the implied  pre-tax rate will be to the tune of 11.79% for investors in the 30% tax  bracket. Since the recent spike in the bond yield was largely due to the RBI's  short-term efforts to prop up the rupee, the yield is likely to fall once the  currency stabilises. If the yield falls, the value of these bonds will shoot up  in the secondary market. The investors will have the opportunity to book  profits by selling these bonds. While short-term capital gains from such a sale  will be taxed as normal income, long-term capital gains will be taxed at 10%.  The bonds must be held for at least 12 months for the profits to be treated as  long-term gains. 
  
  What to look for 
  
  The most important factor is the rating. The REC has been assigned a AAA  rating by agencies. While it is better to go with the AAA-rated companies,  experts are advising investors not to follow this rule mechanically. Even AA+  companies, such as Hudco, can be a good investment. Since all of them are  government enterprises, there is no default risk. So investors can take  advantage of the yield difference by putting money in AA+ companies. 
  Liquidity is the next important thing. Liquidity is critical even for the  long-term investors who plan to hold these bonds till maturity. What if they  have to liquidate these instruments due to unforeseen circumstances? These are  all primary issues and, therefore, it is impossible to predict the exact  liquidity after they list. However, you should give preference to companies  that are planning to list on both the BSE and the NSE. The size of the issue is  another indicator. The larger the amount, the higher the probability of good  volume after listing. 
  
  Choose the right tenure 
  
  Unlike the previous issues, the latest offerings will have the option of  a 20-year term. There are no put or call options for these bonds, so you must  decide the time period for which you want to remain invested. Experts are  advising investors to go for long duration bonds as they offer higher coupon  rates compared to the 10-year bonds. Long duration bonds also reduce the  reinvestment risk. Since the interest rates are expected to come down in the  long term, you may not get the high interest rates after 10 years. The price  volatility will also be higher for long duration bonds and, therefore, the  potential to earn capital gains will also be higher. 
  
  One also needs to consider the gap between the rates offered to retail and  other investors. The former will get the higher yield only till they hold these  bonds in their own name. In other words, secondary market purchasers are not  treated as retail investors and, therefore, they will get only the lower coupon  rate. Due to this, the market price will be based on these stepped down coupon  rates. So go with the issues with the lowest gap. 
  
  Secondary market route 
  
  With prospects of new issues hitting the market with higher coupon  rates, existing tax-free bonds have started correcting. Market forces will not  allow a difference in yields of the existing and new bonds. This means  investors can get good deals in the secondary market, but their tenures will  not be as long as those for the new issues. 
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